Reverse+Discrimination+Cases

=__**Reverse Discrimination**__:=

//Bakke v California (Melissa)//

 * Allan Bakke was a thirty-five year old male, who had applied to UC Davis for two years, and each year had been rejected. In the college there had been sixteen spots reserved for minorities just like Bakke, as a part of the program they run at UC Davis. Bakke had exceeded most of the other applicants. He then took his case to the courts of California, then to the Supreme Court, and then concluded that he was excluded from the college due to his race.
 * The decision was five votes for Bakke and four votes against.
 * This case had been a split vote, there had been no single majority opinion. Four of the justices had argued that any “racial quota” supported by the government is in violation of the Civil Rights Act. Justice Lewis F. Powell had been the deciding vote, and had stated that the college needed to accept Bakke into the medical school. Justice Powell had also argued that the racial quota used in this case had violated the equal protection clause of the fourteenth amendment as well. The four other justices had simply stated that the use of race is permissible in accepting student into medical school.
 * This court case had impacted civil rights and liberties because it had minimized the impact of white opposition to the goal of equality, and had extended the possibilities for minorities.

//Richmond v Croson (Stephanie)//
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 * In 1983, the City Council of Richmond, Virginia adopted regulations that required companies awarded city construction contracts to subcontract 30 percent of their profits to minority business enterprises.
 * The J.A. Croson Company, which lost its contract because of the 30 percent set-aside to meet this regulation, brought suit against the city.
 * In a 6-to-3 decision in favor of Croson, the Court held that "generalized assertions" of past racial discrimination could not justify "rigid" racial quotas for the awarding of public contracts.

//United Steelworkers v Weber (Justin)//

 * //The United Steelworkers implemented an action-based training program to increase the number of black skilled craft-workers. Weber, who was white, was passed over for the job and claimed he was the victim of reverse discrimination. The question was if this violated the Civil Rights Act that prohibited discrimination on the basis of race.//
 * //5 votes to 2 in favor of the United Steelworkers.//
 * //Since the program sought to eliminate archaic patterns of racial segregation and hierarchy while not prohibiting white employees from advancing in the company, it was consistent with the intent of the law. //